Ad Hoc Arbitration
Ad hoc arbitration is a flexible arbitration process where the parties involved manage the arbitration themselves, without the intervention of an arbitral institution. The parties are responsible for selecting the arbitrators, determining the applicable rules and laws, and defining the scope of the arbitrators’ authority, providing them with greater control over the process.
1.Institutional Arbitration
Institutional arbitration involves arbitration that is administered by a recognized institution, such as the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) or the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA). In this process, the institution provides a framework, including selecting arbitrators, managing logistics, and ensuring compliance with the arbitration rules, offering a structured and regulated process for dispute resolution.
2.Investment Treaty Arbitration
Investment treaty arbitration refers to arbitration between investors and states based on the terms of bilateral or multilateral investment treaties (BITs), free trade agreements, or regional agreements. This form of arbitration allows foreign investors to seek redress for violations of their investment rights by host states, providing a mechanism for resolving disputes related to government actions that impact investment protections.
3.Commercial Disputes
Commercial disputes in arbitration refer to disagreements arising from international trade agreements, such as breaches of contract, non-performance, or disagreements over the interpretation of contractual terms. Arbitration offers a neutral forum for resolving these disputes efficiently and avoiding protracted litigation in national courts, which is often preferred in international business transactions.
4.Mediation
Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third-party mediator facilitates discussions between the disputing parties. While the mediator proposes potential settlement terms, the parties are not legally bound to accept these terms, allowing them to maintain control over the outcome of the dispute resolution process.
5.Litigation and Disputes
Litigation and disputes services assist clients in challenging government overregulation, sovereign acts, or administrative decisions that affect their rights or business interests. In international arbitration, this may involve challenging actions taken by governments that are deemed to violate international agreements or investment protection laws, often through legal proceedings in international courts or arbitration bodies.
6.Kluwer Arbitration
Kluwer Arbitration is a comprehensive platform that offers extensive resources on arbitration, including treaties, model arbitration laws, national arbitration laws, and the rules governing various arbitral institutions. It serves as a crucial tool for practitioners, researchers, and legal professionals involved in international arbitration, providing up-to-date information and analysis on arbitration-related topics across jurisdictions.
These services and platforms play a vital role in facilitating the resolution of international disputes through arbitration, ensuring that businesses and individuals can resolve conflicts efficiently, fairly, and in accordance with international legal standards.